When deploying a FlashGrid Cluster to three or more Availability Zones in a Google Cloud region, database performance can be optimized by placing database nodes in the AZs that have the lowest inter-AZ network latency between them. This will help to minimize the latency of storage and Cache Fusion data transfers between the database nodes.
Below is an example of latencies measured in the us-east5 region (with three AZs). The shorter the distance between AZs, the lower the latency:
In case of a 2-node RAC cluster, the above latency graph suggests a benefit from deploying the database nodes to us-east5-a and us-east5-b, with the quorum node in us-east5-c. The higher latency between the quorum node and the database nodes will have no impact on database performance.
Selecting AZ during deployment
In GCP, AZs are fixed for all customers, so the data presented in the section below can be used to choose the AZ pairings with lowest latency. It is recommended however that you perform your own tests to validate the results for your environment (you can do this by deploying a virtual machine to each AZ in the region and measuring average ping time between each pair).
When creating a cluster using the FlashGrid Launcher, specify the AZ for each server on the Nodes page:
Inter-AZ latencies by region
FlashGrid measured the following inter-AZ latencies.
asia-east1 | asia-east1-a ⇿ asia-east1-b = 0.192ms
asia-east1-a ⇿ asia-east1-c = 0.204ms
asia-east1-b ⇿ asia-east1-c = 0.191ms
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asia-east2 | asia-east2-b ⇿ asia-east2-a = 0.158ms
asia-east2-c ⇿ asia-east2-a = 0.144ms
asia-east2-c ⇿ asia-east2-b = 0.148ms
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asia-northeast1 | asia-northeast1-a ⇿ asia-northeast1-b = 0.173ms
asia-northeast1-a ⇿ asia-northeast1-c = 0.149ms
asia-northeast1-b ⇿ asia-northeast1-c = 0.165ms
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asia-northeast2 | asia-northeast2-b ⇿ asia-northeast2-a = 0.153ms
asia-northeast2-b ⇿ asia-northeast2-c = 0.143ms
asia-northeast2-c ⇿ asia-northeast2-a = 0.153ms
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asia-northeast3 | asia-northeast3-a ⇿ asia-northeast3-b = 0.145ms
asia-northeast3-a ⇿ asia-northeast3-c = 0.140ms
asia-northeast3-c ⇿ asia-northeast3-b = 0.134ms
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asia-south1 | asia-south1-a ⇿ asia-south1-c = 0.172ms
asia-south1-b ⇿ asia-south1-a = 0.152ms
asia-south1-b ⇿ asia-south1-c = 0.148ms
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asia-south2 | asia-south2-a ⇿ asia-south2-b = 0.143ms
asia-south2-a ⇿ asia-south2-c = 0.140ms
asia-south2-c ⇿ asia-south2-b = 0.134ms
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asia-southeast1 | asia-southeast1-a ⇿ asia-southeast1-b = 0.188ms
asia-southeast1-a ⇿ asia-southeast1-c = 0.181ms
asia-southeast1-b ⇿ asia-southeast1-c = 0.177ms
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asia-southeast2 | asia-southeast2-a ⇿ asia-southeast2-b = 0.136ms
asia-southeast2-a ⇿ asia-southeast2-c = 0.145ms
asia-southeast2-c ⇿ asia-southeast2-b = 0.144ms
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asia-southeast3 | asia-southeast3-a ⇿ asia-southeast3-b = 0.149ms
asia-southeast3-a ⇿ asia-southeast3-c = 0.156ms
asia-southeast3-b ⇿ asia-southeast3-c = 0.137ms
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africa-south1 | africa-south1-a ⇿ africa-south1-b = 0.581ms
africa-south1-a ⇿ africa-south1-c = 0.553ms
africa-south1-b ⇿ africa-south1-c = 0.742ms
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australia-southeast1 | australia-southeast1-a ⇿ australia-southeast1-b = 0.536ms
australia-southeast1-c ⇿ australia-southeast1-a = 0.355ms
australia-southeast1-c ⇿ australia-southeast1-b = 0.720ms
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australia-southeast2 | australia-southeast2-a ⇿ australia-southeast2-b = 0.162ms
australia-southeast2-a ⇿ australia-southeast2-c = 0.139ms
australia-southeast2-c ⇿ australia-southeast2-b = 0.153ms
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europe-central2 | europe-central2-b ⇿ europe-central2-a = 0.420ms
europe-central2-b ⇿ europe-central2-c = 0.131ms
europe-central2-c ⇿ europe-central2-a = 0.410ms
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europe-north1 | europe-north1-b ⇿ europe-north1-a = 0.189ms
europe-north1-b ⇿ europe-north1-c = 0.200ms
europe-north1-c ⇿ europe-north1-a = 0.186ms
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europe-north2 | europe-north2-a ⇿ europe-north2-b = 0.115ms
europe-north2-a ⇿ europe-north2-c = 0.144ms
europe-north2-b ⇿ europe-north2-c = 0.123ms
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europe-southwest1 | europe-southwest1-a ⇿ europe-southwest1-c = 0.429ms
europe-southwest1-b ⇿ europe-southwest1-a = 0.156ms
europe-southwest1-b ⇿ europe-southwest1-c = 0.484ms
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europe-west1 | europe-west1-b ⇿ europe-west1-c = 0.183ms
europe-west1-b ⇿ europe-west1-d = 0.169ms
europe-west1-c ⇿ europe-west1-d = 0.186ms
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europe-west10 | europe-west10-a ⇿ europe-west10-b = 0.553ms
europe-west10-c ⇿ europe-west10-a = 0.411ms
europe-west10-c ⇿ europe-west10-b = 0.466ms
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europe-west12 | europe-west12-a ⇿ europe-west12-b = 0.413ms
europe-west12-c ⇿ europe-west12-a = 0.497ms
europe-west12-c ⇿ europe-west12-b = 0.428ms
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europe-west2 | europe-west2-a ⇿ europe-west2-b = 1.232ms
europe-west2-a ⇿ europe-west2-c = 1.231ms
europe-west2-b ⇿ europe-west2-c = 0.151ms
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europe-west3 | europe-west3-a ⇿ europe-west3-b = 0.413ms
europe-west3-c ⇿ europe-west3-a = 0.223ms
europe-west3-c ⇿ europe-west3-b = 0.456ms
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europe-west4 | europe-west4-b ⇿ europe-west4-a = 0.184ms
europe-west4-c ⇿ europe-west4-a = 0.180ms
europe-west4-c ⇿ europe-west4-b = 0.196ms
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europe-west6 | europe-west6-b ⇿ europe-west6-a = 0.158ms
europe-west6-b ⇿ europe-west6-c = 0.129ms
europe-west6-c ⇿ europe-west6-a = 0.141ms
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europe-west8 | europe-west8-a ⇿ europe-west8-b = 0.151ms
europe-west8-a ⇿ europe-west8-c = 0.554ms
europe-west8-b ⇿ europe-west8-c = 0.554ms
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europe-west9 | europe-west9-a ⇿ europe-west9-c = 0.154ms
europe-west9-b ⇿ europe-west9-a = 0.651ms
europe-west9-b ⇿ europe-west9-c = 0.661ms
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me-central1 | me-central1-a ⇿ me-central1-b = 0.134ms
me-central1-a ⇿ me-central1-c = 0.124ms
me-central1-b ⇿ me-central1-c = 0.111ms
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me-west1 | me-west1-a ⇿ me-west1-c = 0.851ms
me-west1-b ⇿ me-west1-a = 0.141ms
me-west1-b ⇿ me-west1-c = 0.651ms
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northamerica-northeast1 | northamerica-northeast1-a ⇿ northamerica-northeast1-b = 0.146ms
northamerica-northeast1-a ⇿ northamerica-northeast1-c = 0.145ms
northamerica-northeast1-b ⇿ northamerica-northeast1-c = 0.137ms
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northamerica-northeast2 | northamerica-northeast2-a ⇿ northamerica-northeast2-c = 0.141ms
northamerica-northeast2-b ⇿ northamerica-northeast2-a = 0.129ms
northamerica-northeast2-b ⇿ northamerica-northeast2-c = 0.133ms
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northamerica-south1 | northamerica-south1-a ⇿ northamerica-south1-b = 0.778ms
northamerica-south1-a ⇿ northamerica-south1-c = 0.118ms
northamerica-south1-b ⇿ northamerica-south1-c = 0.727ms
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southamerica-east1 | southamerica-east1-a ⇿ southamerica-east1-b = 0.141ms
southamerica-east1-a ⇿ southamerica-east1-c = 0.143ms
southamerica-east1-b ⇿ southamerica-east1-c = 0.144ms
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southamerica-west1 | southamerica-west1-a ⇿ southamerica-west1-b = 0.163ms
southamerica-west1-a ⇿ southamerica-west1-c = 0.167ms
southamerica-west1-b ⇿ southamerica-west1-c = 0.180ms
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us-central1 | us-central1-a ⇿ us-central1-b = 0.188ms
us-central1-a ⇿ us-central1-c = 0.185ms
us-central1-a ⇿ us-central1-f = 0.202ms
us-central1-b ⇿ us-central1-c = 0.192ms
us-central1-b ⇿ us-central1-f = 0.199ms
us-central1-c ⇿ us-central1-f = 0.164ms
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us-east1 | us-east1-b ⇿ us-east1-c = 0.168ms
us-east1-b ⇿ us-east1-d = 0.174ms
us-east1-c ⇿ us-east1-d = 0.180ms
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us-east4 | us-east4-a ⇿ us-east4-b = 0.422ms
us-east4-a ⇿ us-east4-c = 0.374ms
us-east4-b ⇿ us-east4-c = 0.339ms
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us-east5 | us-east5-b ⇿ us-east5-a = 0.183ms
us-east5-c ⇿ us-east5-a = 0.599ms
us-east5-c ⇿ us-east5-b = 0.573ms
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us-south1 | us-south1-a ⇿ us-south1-b = 0.197ms
us-south1-c ⇿ us-south1-a = 0.193ms
us-south1-c ⇿ us-south1-b = 0.214ms
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us-west1 | us-west1-a ⇿ us-west1-b = 0.228ms
us-west1-a ⇿ us-west1-c = 0.169ms
us-west1-b ⇿ us-west1-c = 0.206ms
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us-west2 | us-west2-b ⇿ us-west2-a = 0.552ms
us-west2-c ⇿ us-west2-a = 0.160ms
us-west2-c ⇿ us-west2-b = 0.474ms
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us-west3 | us-west3-a ⇿ us-west3-b = 0.138ms
us-west3-a ⇿ us-west3-c = 0.133ms
us-west3-b ⇿ us-west3-c = 0.138ms
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us-west4 | us-west4-a ⇿ us-west4-b = 0.162ms
us-west4-c ⇿ us-west4-a = 0.772ms
us-west4-c ⇿ us-west4-b = 0.831ms
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