When deploying a FlashGrid Cluster to three or more Availability Zones in a Google Cloud region, database performance can be optimized by placing database nodes in the AZs that have the lowest inter-AZ network latency between them. This will help to minimize the latency of storage and Cache Fusion data transfers between the database nodes.
Below is an example of latencies measured in the us-east5 region (with three AZs). The shorter the distance between AZs, the lower the latency:
In case of a 2-node RAC cluster, the above latency graph suggests a benefit from deploying the database nodes to us-east5-a and us-east5-b, with the quorum node in us-east5-c. The higher latency between the quorum node and the database nodes will have no impact on database performance.
Selecting AZ during deployment
In GCP, AZs are fixed for all customers, so the data presented in the section below can be used to choose the AZ pairings with lowest latency. It is recommended however that you perform your own tests to validate the results for your environment (you can do this by deploying a virtual machine to each AZ in the region and measuring average ping time between each pair).
When creating a cluster using the FlashGrid Launcher, specify the AZ for each server on the Nodes page:
Inter-AZ latencies by region
FlashGrid measured the following inter-AZ latencies.
asia-east1 |
asia-east1-a ⇿ asia-east1-b = 0.192ms asia-east1-a ⇿ asia-east1-c = 0.204ms asia-east1-b ⇿ asia-east1-c = 0.191ms |
asia-east2 |
asia-east2-b ⇿ asia-east2-a = 0.158ms asia-east2-c ⇿ asia-east2-a = 0.144ms asia-east2-c ⇿ asia-east2-b = 0.148ms |
asia-northeast1 |
asia-northeast1-a ⇿ asia-northeast1-b = 0.173ms asia-northeast1-a ⇿ asia-northeast1-c = 0.149ms asia-northeast1-b ⇿ asia-northeast1-c = 0.165ms |
asia-northeast2 |
asia-northeast2-b ⇿ asia-northeast2-a = 0.153ms asia-northeast2-b ⇿ asia-northeast2-c = 0.143ms asia-northeast2-c ⇿ asia-northeast2-a = 0.153ms |
asia-northeast3 |
asia-northeast3-a ⇿ asia-northeast3-b = 0.145ms asia-northeast3-a ⇿ asia-northeast3-c = 0.140ms asia-northeast3-c ⇿ asia-northeast3-b = 0.134ms |
asia-south1 |
asia-south1-a ⇿ asia-south1-c = 0.172ms asia-south1-b ⇿ asia-south1-a = 0.152ms asia-south1-b ⇿ asia-south1-c = 0.148ms |
asia-south2 |
asia-south2-a ⇿ asia-south2-b = 0.143ms asia-south2-a ⇿ asia-south2-c = 0.140ms asia-south2-c ⇿ asia-south2-b = 0.134ms |
asia-southeast1 |
asia-southeast1-a ⇿ asia-southeast1-b = 0.188ms asia-southeast1-a ⇿ asia-southeast1-c = 0.181ms asia-southeast1-b ⇿ asia-southeast1-c = 0.177ms |
asia-southeast2 |
asia-southeast2-a ⇿ asia-southeast2-b = 0.136ms asia-southeast2-a ⇿ asia-southeast2-c = 0.145ms asia-southeast2-c ⇿ asia-southeast2-b = 0.144ms |
australia-southeast1 |
australia-southeast1-a ⇿ australia-southeast1-b = 0.536ms australia-southeast1-c ⇿ australia-southeast1-a = 0.355ms australia-southeast1-c ⇿ australia-southeast1-b = 0.720ms |
australia-southeast2 |
australia-southeast2-a ⇿ australia-southeast2-b = 0.162ms australia-southeast2-a ⇿ australia-southeast2-c = 0.139ms australia-southeast2-c ⇿ australia-southeast2-b = 0.153ms |
europe-central2 |
europe-central2-b ⇿ europe-central2-a = 0.420ms europe-central2-b ⇿ europe-central2-c = 0.131ms europe-central2-c ⇿ europe-central2-a = 0.410ms |
europe-north1 |
europe-north1-b ⇿ europe-north1-a = 0.189ms europe-north1-b ⇿ europe-north1-c = 0.200ms europe-north1-c ⇿ europe-north1-a = 0.186ms |
europe-southwest1 |
europe-southwest1-a ⇿ europe-southwest1-c = 0.429ms europe-southwest1-b ⇿ europe-southwest1-a = 0.156ms europe-southwest1-b ⇿ europe-southwest1-c = 0.484ms |
europe-west1 |
europe-west1-b ⇿ europe-west1-c = 0.183ms europe-west1-b ⇿ europe-west1-d = 0.169ms europe-west1-c ⇿ europe-west1-d = 0.186ms |
europe-west10 |
europe-west10-a ⇿ europe-west10-b = 0.553ms europe-west10-c ⇿ europe-west10-a = 0.411ms europe-west10-c ⇿ europe-west10-b = 0.466ms |
europe-west12 |
europe-west12-a ⇿ europe-west12-b = 0.413ms europe-west12-c ⇿ europe-west12-a = 0.497ms europe-west12-c ⇿ europe-west12-b = 0.428ms |
europe-west2 |
europe-west2-a ⇿ europe-west2-b = 1.232ms europe-west2-a ⇿ europe-west2-c = 1.231ms europe-west2-b ⇿ europe-west2-c = 0.151ms |
europe-west3 |
europe-west3-a ⇿ europe-west3-b = 0.413ms europe-west3-c ⇿ europe-west3-a = 0.223ms europe-west3-c ⇿ europe-west3-b = 0.456ms |
europe-west4 |
europe-west4-b ⇿ europe-west4-a = 0.184ms europe-west4-c ⇿ europe-west4-a = 0.180ms europe-west4-c ⇿ europe-west4-b = 0.196ms |
europe-west6 |
europe-west6-b ⇿ europe-west6-a = 0.158ms europe-west6-b ⇿ europe-west6-c = 0.129ms europe-west6-c ⇿ europe-west6-a = 0.141ms |
europe-west8 |
europe-west8-a ⇿ europe-west8-b = 0.151ms europe-west8-a ⇿ europe-west8-c = 0.554ms europe-west8-b ⇿ europe-west8-c = 0.554ms |
europe-west9 |
europe-west9-a ⇿ europe-west9-c = 0.154ms europe-west9-b ⇿ europe-west9-a = 0.651ms europe-west9-b ⇿ europe-west9-c = 0.661ms |
me-central1 |
me-central1-a ⇿ me-central1-b = 0.134ms me-central1-a ⇿ me-central1-c = 0.124ms me-central1-b ⇿ me-central1-c = 0.111ms |
me-west1 |
me-west1-a ⇿ me-west1-c = 0.851ms me-west1-b ⇿ me-west1-a = 0.141ms me-west1-b ⇿ me-west1-c = 0.651ms |
northamerica-northeast1 |
northamerica-northeast1-a ⇿ northamerica-northeast1-b = 0.146ms northamerica-northeast1-a ⇿ northamerica-northeast1-c = 0.145ms northamerica-northeast1-b ⇿ northamerica-northeast1-c = 0.137ms |
northamerica-northeast2 |
northamerica-northeast2-a ⇿ northamerica-northeast2-c = 0.141ms northamerica-northeast2-b ⇿ northamerica-northeast2-a = 0.129ms northamerica-northeast2-b ⇿ northamerica-northeast2-c = 0.133ms |
southamerica-east1 |
southamerica-east1-a ⇿ southamerica-east1-b = 0.141ms southamerica-east1-a ⇿ southamerica-east1-c = 0.143ms southamerica-east1-b ⇿ southamerica-east1-c = 0.144ms |
southamerica-west1 |
southamerica-west1-a ⇿ southamerica-west1-b = 0.163ms southamerica-west1-a ⇿ southamerica-west1-c = 0.167ms southamerica-west1-b ⇿ southamerica-west1-c = 0.180ms |
us-central1 |
us-central1-a ⇿ us-central1-b = 0.188ms us-central1-a ⇿ us-central1-c = 0.185ms us-central1-a ⇿ us-central1-f = 0.202ms us-central1-b ⇿ us-central1-c = 0.192ms us-central1-b ⇿ us-central1-f = 0.199ms us-central1-c ⇿ us-central1-f = 0.164ms |
us-east1 |
us-east1-b ⇿ us-east1-c = 0.168ms us-east1-b ⇿ us-east1-d = 0.174ms us-east1-c ⇿ us-east1-d = 0.180ms |
us-east4 |
us-east4-a ⇿ us-east4-b = 0.422ms us-east4-a ⇿ us-east4-c = 0.374ms us-east4-b ⇿ us-east4-c = 0.339ms |
us-east5 |
us-east5-b ⇿ us-east5-a = 0.183ms us-east5-c ⇿ us-east5-a = 0.599ms us-east5-c ⇿ us-east5-b = 0.573ms |
us-south1 |
us-south1-a ⇿ us-south1-b = 0.197ms us-south1-c ⇿ us-south1-a = 0.193ms us-south1-c ⇿ us-south1-b = 0.214ms |
us-west1 |
us-west1-a ⇿ us-west1-b = 0.228ms us-west1-a ⇿ us-west1-c = 0.169ms us-west1-b ⇿ us-west1-c = 0.206ms |
us-west2 |
us-west2-b ⇿ us-west2-a = 0.552ms us-west2-c ⇿ us-west2-a = 0.160ms us-west2-c ⇿ us-west2-b = 0.474ms |
us-west3 |
us-west3-a ⇿ us-west3-b = 0.138ms us-west3-a ⇿ us-west3-c = 0.133ms us-west3-b ⇿ us-west3-c = 0.138ms |
us-west4 |
us-west4-a ⇿ us-west4-b = 0.162ms us-west4-c ⇿ us-west4-a = 0.772ms us-west4-c ⇿ us-west4-b = 0.831ms |